If you set them incorrectly, you could be leaving access open to your files and hackers could edit them and add spam, or malware.īelow are details on WordPress file permissions, their inner workings, and how to fix WordPress permissions including the. But, the default settings aren’t enough.įile permissions set who can read, write, and execute the files that make up your website. If time permits (or if you are waiting for other students to finish this practice), read about file attributes in the man page of chattr and lsattr.Setting proper WordPress file permissions is essential to ensure the security of you website. rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 31704 15:41 /usr/bin/passwdĪ normal user cannot change password chmod 4755 ls -l /usr/bin/passwd Reset the permissions back and try ls -l /usr/bin/passwd Remove the setuid, then try changing your password as a normal user. Verify the permissions on /usr/bin/passwd. Log in with different users (group members and others and root), create files and watch the permissions. Users should be able to delete only their own user-owned files. All files created in this directory should be group-owned by the sports group. Members of the sports group should be able to create files in this directory. groupadd sports mkdir /home/sports chown root:sports /home/sportsġb. Set up a directory, owned by the group sports. Setting the setgid bit will result in these programs to run with the credentials of their group owner.ġa. In most cases, setting the setuid bit on executables is sufficient. You can use the find command to find all setuid find /usr/bin -type f -perm -04000 When running the passwd program, you are executing it with root credentials.
r-s-x-x 1 root root 21200 /usr/bin/passwd r- 1 root root 1260 Jan 21 07:49 /etc/shadowĬhanging your password requires an update of this file, so how can normal non-root users do this? Let's take a look at the permissions on the /usr/bin/passwd ls -l /usr/bin/passwd (The root user never needs permissions ls -l /etc/shadow
Take the example of passwords they are stored in /etc/shadow which is only readable by root. This can be dangerous, but sometimes this is good for security. This means that if any user executes a program that belongs to the root user, and the setuid bit is set on that program, then the program runs as root. These two permissions cause an executable file to be executed with the permissions of the file owner instead of the executing owner. rw-r-r- 1 root proj55 0 Feb 7 17:45 can use the find command to find all setgid directories. groupadd chown root:proj55 chmod 2775 touch ls -ld /project55/ĭrwxrwsr-x 2 root proj55 4096 Feb 7 17:45 ls -l /project55/ As this example shows, even though root does not belong to the group proj55, the files created by root in /project55 will belong to proj55 since the setgid is set. The setgid bit is represented by an s (meaning x is also there) or a S (when there is no x for the group owner). The setgid bit is displayed at the same location as the x permission for group owner. Setgid can be used on directories to make sure that all files inside the directory are owned by the group owner of the directory.
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